Potassium bromate
Potassium bromate
CAS: 7758-01-2
Molecular Formula: BrKO3
Potassium bromate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Potassium bromate |
| Synonyms | UN1484 CCRIS 529 HSDB 1253 NSC 215200 EEC No. E924 UNII-04MB35W6ZA Potassium bromate potassium bronlate Potassium bromate(DOT) Potassium bromate, ACS min Bromic acid, potassium salt Potassium bromate, for analysis Potassium bromate [UN1484] [Oxidizer] Potassium bromate, reagent grade, ACS, ISO |
| CAS | 7758-01-2 |
| EINECS | 231-829-8 |
| InChI | InChI=1/BrHO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 |
Potassium bromate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | BrKO3 |
| Molar Mass | 167 |
| Density | 3.27 |
| Melting Point | 350 °C |
| Water Solubility | 70 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | Potassium bromate is highly soluble in water (7.5 g/100 mL at 25°C; 49.8 g/100 mL at 100°C), slightly soluble in ethanol, and almost insoluble in acetone; it is very stable when dissolved in water at room temperature. |
| Appearance | Powder/Solid |
| Specific Gravity | 3.27 |
| Color | White crystals or granules |
| Merck | 14,7617 |
| PH | 5.0-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stability Strong oxidizer - contact with combustible materials may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible material, organics, reducing agents, aluminium, finely powdered metals. |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | White or colorless crystalline or granular properties of the three-party system. Melting Point: 434 ℃ relative density: 3.27(17.5 ℃) solubility: soluble in water, solubility: 100g/100ml water at 49.75 ℃; Slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in acetone. |
| Use | Used as an oxidant, canned food additives and wool treatment agent |
Potassium bromate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R9 - Explosive when mixed with combustible material R25 - Toxic if swallowed R22 - Harmful if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) |
| UN IDs | UN 1484 5.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | EF8725000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28299000 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 157 mg/kg |
Potassium bromate - Upstream Downstream Industry
Potassium bromate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White Diamond Crystal or crystalline powder. d3. 27, melting point 350 °c. Soluble in 12.5 parts of water, 2 parts of boiled water. The aqueous solution was neutral and insoluble in ethanol. When heated to 370 ° C., it decomposes, and the oxygen evolution I is mixed with the reducing substance, and the impact will cause an explosion.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Potassium bromate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
potassium bromate and potassium bromide can be produced by passing bromine vapor into potassium hydroxide, and separated by crystallization. It can also be obtained from barium bromide solution and potassium sulfate by filtration, crystallization and drying.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:47
Potassium bromate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
potassium bromate has been used in baking industry for nearly a hundred years, its oxidation can bleach flour, and inhibit the activity of protein decomposition, the properties of gluten (gluten strength and elasticity, etc.) are improved, and the cost is low. Commonly used as wheat ball quality improver, canned fish improver. But excessive consumption will damage people's central nervous system, blood and kidney, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has also been classified as carcinogenic compounds. It has been suggested that the use of potassium bromate World Health Organization (WHO) is no longer used in European countries. China (2005) has also canceled the use of potassium bromate as a flour treatment agent in wheat flour.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:47
Potassium bromate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
store in a cool and dry warehouse, moisture-proof, heat-proof, and burning articles should be Isolation, not with organic matter, combustible contact.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:48
Potassium bromate - Reference Information
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. Sup 7, 73) 1999 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Chemical properties and uses | White rhomboid crystals or crystalline powders. Molecular weight 167.00. Melting point 350 ° C (decomposition and oxygen release). The relative density of 3.27 (17.5/4 deg C). Stable at room temperature, heated to 434 ° C decomposition, release of oxygen and the formation of potassium bromide. Soluble in water, ethanol-soluble, insoluble in acetone. The aqueous solution was neutral. Its solid and organic matter, sulfide mixed grinding, can cause severe explosion. Toxic. It melts and decomposes to potassium bromide and oxygen at 434 °c. With strong oxidation, dry potassium bromate can make some organic matter (such as alcohol, an oil, etc.) combustion. Used as flour and fish meat products improver. It is also used as a reagent, an oxidizing agent. The toxicity of bromate is stronger than that of chlorate, which is mainly the formation of methemoglobinopathy, and the oral administration of 10~15gKBrO3 is dangerous to people. In the process of making bread, it can be added to improve the quality of bread, and at the same time into bromide. It has been proved to be carcinogenic to the kidney of rats. China's food standards, bread, biscuits in the maximum use of 0.05g/kg. preparation method: potassium bromate and potassium bromide are generated by passing bromine gas from caustic potash solution, and then crystallized separately. It can also be prepared by reacting a barium bromide solution with potassium sulfate. potassium bromate, a commonly used oxidant, is used as a reference substance in analytical chemistry for the determination of gallium by titration analysis. In Mercury purification, a 3% aqueous solution thereof can be used for Mercury purification. It is also used as a wool treatment agent. Additives for improving the quality of canned fish meat products and for bread making in the food industry. potassium bromate has strong toxicity, can cause central nerve paralysis, hemoglobin to produce oxidized hemoglobin, and can cause Vomit, Diarrhea and kidney damage after ingestion. Especially in 1992 by the FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (objectifa) evaluation, it can make rats kidney cell tumor, peritoneal mesothelioma and thyroid follicular cell tumor, and it is a genetic toxic carcinogen, and when the above-mentioned acceptable flour processing dose of food is detected by a more sensitive method, the residue can be detected, therefore, it was concluded that potassium bromate was not suitable as a flour treatment agent, and its previous acceptable dose was withdrawn. |
| Food additive | potassium bromate can be used as a food additive, china's "health standards for the use of food additives" GB2760-1996 allows for the use of wheat flour processing agent (not for other places), the maximum amount of 0.03g/kg, but not detected in the final food. precautions for use: (1) potassium bromate can cause an explosion when it is impacted, and attention should be paid. (2) this product should not be used in food, as flour treatment agent should not be in the food residue. Since it can be detected in food even if its usage is further reduced, it has been banned in many countries and regions. (3) in 1996, the National Technical Committee for Standardization of food additives suggested that the Ministry of Health should delete potassium bromate from the list of health standards for the use of food additives (GB 2760-1996). |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 3.09g/0 ℃;4.72g/10 ℃;6.91g/20 ℃;9.64g/30 ℃;13.1g/40 ℃; 22.7g/60 ℃;34.1g/80 ℃;49.9g/100 ℃ |
| identification test | potassium salt test (IT-27) and bromate test (I-8) were positive. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol (OT-42). |
| content analysis | accurately weigh about 100mg of a sample dried to constant weight with an appropriate desiccant, dissolve in 50ml of water in a 250ml vial with a glass stopper. Add 3g of potassium iodide and 3ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. After standing for 5min, 0.1 of cold water was added and used in mol/L. Sodium thiosulfate solution titrated released iodine, near the end point, add starch test solution (TS-235). A blank test was also performed. Each mL of 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution is equivalent to potassium bromate (KBrO3)2.783mg. |
| toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 157 mg/kg LD50 orally in Rabbit: 157 mg/kg |
| usage limit | GB 2760-1996: wheat flour, 0.03g,/kg (not detected in the final food). FDA,§ 172.730(2000): 75mg/kg of malt after treatment; 25mg/kg of fermented wort beverage. |
| precautions for storage and transportation | potassium bromate is a secondary inorganic oxidant. Risk code: 23091. Store in a cool, ventilated, dry warehouse. It is not allowed to be stored and mixed with organic matter, reducing agent, sulfide, flammable, explosive and spontaneous combustion self-explosion articles. Transport should be protected from rain and sun exposure. When loading and unloading, it should be handled lightly to prevent impact. Storage and Transportation shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions for the storage and transportation of dangerous goods. When there is a fire, it can be suppressed by sand and various kinds of fire extinguisher. Protection Measure. Inhalation of this product will cause Nausea Vomit, dizziness, so to prevent intake and inhalation, and to prevent contact with the eyes, skin. If you inhale this product, you should immediately ask a doctor for treatment. Eyes or skin contact with this product, immediately rinse with water for 20min, and ask a doctor for treatment. |
| purpose | , additives for canned foods and wool treatment agents, etc. as an oxidizing agent in capacity analysis is a commonly used oxidizing agent used as a reference substance in analytical chemistry, and gallium is measured by drop analysis. In Mercury purification, a 3% aqueous solution thereof can be used for Mercury purification. It is also used as a wool treatment agent. Additives used in food industry for improving the quality of canned fish meat products and for making bread, which can improve the baking quality of flour. as a flour quality improver, it has oxidative property, bleaching flour, inhibiting the activity of proteolytic enzymes, and improving the properties of gluten. China's provisions can be used for wheat flour, the maximum use of 0.03g/kg, the final food shall not be detected. wheat flour treatment agent; Dough quality improver; Oxidant; Fish canned modifier; Maltose treatment agent. |
| production method | by Magnesium bromate and potassium chloride metathesis: Mg(BrO3)2 2KCl → 2 kbro3 MgCl2 bromine drops of potassium hydroxide solution, can simultaneously produce potassium bromide and potassium bromate, and then separately CRYSTALLIZED (in boiling water recrystallization). bromine-potassium hydroxide method with industrial bromine and potassium hydroxide as raw materials, potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 1.4 times the mass of water, under constant stirring into bromine, soon on the precipitation of white precipitate namely potassium bromate, continue to add bromine until the liquid is pink; After cooling, separate the generated potassium bromide, and recrystallize once with water to obtain the finished potassium bromate. 6KOH 3Br2 → 5KBr KbrO3 3H2O Barium bromate method potassium sulfate was added to the Barium bromate solution, and the barium sulfate precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was cooled, crystallized and dried to obtain the product. Ba(BrO3)2 K2SO4 → 2KbrO3 BaSO4 ↓ electrolytic method potassium bromide synthesized from bromine and potassium hydroxide was dissolved with distilled water to form electrolyte, and the first batch of crude product was produced after 24h of electrolysis, the crude product was taken every 12h, washed with water to remove potassium bromide, then dissolved in distilled water, adjusted to pH 8 with a small amount of potassium hydroxide, kept for 0.5 h and filtered, the clear filtrate is cooled to room temperature in a crystallizer, and the potassium bromate product is obtained by crystallization, separation and drying. Its anode Br- 6OH-→ BrO3- 3H2O 6e cathode 6H 6e → 3H2 ↑kbr 3H2O → KBrO3 3H2) chlorine oxidation method milk of lime and bromine reaction after passing chlorine gas for chlorine oxidation reaction, the reaction was terminated to a pH of 6 to 7. After removal of the residue, the filtrate was evaporated. Add barium chloride solution reaction to generate Barium bromate precipitate, the filtered precipitate is suspended with water, and potassium carbonate is added at a certain temperature for double decomposition reaction. The crude potassium bromate is washed with a small amount of distilled water for many times, filtered and evaporated, cooling crystallization, separation, drying, grinding, preparation of edible potassium bromate products. 6Ca(OH)2 6Br2 → Ca(BrO3)3 5CaBr2 6h2ecr2 6Ca(OH)2 → Ca(BrO3)2 CaCl2 6 H2OCa(BrO3)2 BaCl2 → Ba(BrO3)2 ↓ CaCl2Ba(BrO3)2 K2CO3 → 2 kbro3 BaCO3 ↓ |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 321 mg/kg; IV-mouse LDL0: 289 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mixed with reductant, sulfur, phosphorus, etc, friction can burst |
| flammability hazard characteristics | high thermal decomposition of oxygen; Flammable in contact with sulfuric acid; toxic bromide and potassium oxide fumes from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is light and easy to discharge; It is combined with organic matter, reductant, sulfur and phosphorus combustible substances, separate storage of food raw materials |
| fire extinguishing agent | water and sand mist |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:52
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Raw Materials for Potassium bromate